Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing Homework Help   Week 4: Analytic Epidemiology Designs: Experimental In The Fall Of 2011,

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework help   Week 4: Analytic Epidemiology Designs: Experimental In the fall of 2011, the FDA announced a shortage of important chemotherapy drugs; this shortage, in turn, disrupted clinical trials and led to potential challenges in assessing data from those studies
Experimental research, which includes clinical trials, plays a pivotal role in the advancement of disease prevention and treatment
Once a risk factor has been established, the next step is testing an intervention through experimental research methods
Does this drug actually prevent or ameliorate symptoms? In Week 3, you examined observational study designs, an important form of analytic epidemiology
This week, the focus turns to experimental studies
As you explore this topic, think about why experimental research is considered thegold standard of epidemiology
You will also begin developing Assignment 2 (Sections 1 and 2 of Major Assessment 7) and consider which research design will best address your selected population health problem
Learning Objectives Students will: · Analyze a randomized controlled trial research study · Analyze ethical issues with a randomized control trial study · Evaluate epidemiologic study designs to answer a population health study question · Evaluate the strengths and limitations of health data sources to answer a population health study question · Determine primary data collection methods for a specific population health problem    Learning Resources Required Readings Friis, R
H
, & Sellers, T
A
(2021)
Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed
)
Jones & Bartlett
Chapter 8,Experimental      Study Designs This chapter examines experimental and quasi-experimental study designs
Milligan, K
, Niccols, A
, Sword, W
, Thabane, L
, Henderson, J
, Smith, A
, & Liu, J
(2010)
Maternal substance use and integrated treatment programs for women with substance abuse issues and their children: A meta-analysis
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy, 5, 21-34
This article examines programs that integrate substance abuse treatment and pregnancy, parenting, or child services
The authors conclude that there is a need for funding of high-quality randomized control trial and improved reporting practices
This article also demonstrates the application of analytic research designs to explore a population health problem
Stead, L
F
, Koilpillai, P
, Fanshawe, T
R
, & Lancaster, T
(2016)
Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3)
doi:10
1002/14651858
CD008286
pub3 The authors examine how both behavioral support and pharmacotherapies can be effective in helping people to stop smoking
By adopting a randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trial, the authors are able to evaluate whether such combinations of pharmacotherapy and behavioral support compared to receiving usual care or brief advice assists individuals in smoking cessation
Physicians Health Study (2010)
Retrieved from http://phs
bwh
harvard
edu/   This large-scale, randomized clinical trial that began in 1982 was designed to test the effectiveness of aspirin and beta carotene in preventing heart attacks (myocardial infarctions, or MIs) in male physicians aged 40-84
The first phase of the trial, which included more than 22,000 study subjects, demonstrated that low-dose aspirin does, in fact, reduce the risk of a first MI by 44%
This article provides a good example of the types of large-scale studies conducted using epidemiologic principles that lead to improved population health
  Wang, Z
, Lapinski, M
, Quilliam, E
, Jaykus, L
A
, & Fraser, A
(2017)
The effect of hand-hygiene interventions on infectious disease-associated absenteeism in elementary schools: A systematic literature review
American Journal of Infection Control, 45(6), 682-689
Required Media Laureate Education (Producer)
(2012)
Epidemiology and population health: Experimental studies [Video file]
Baltimore, MD: Author
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes
In this program, the presenters discuss experimental studies, including the effect of randomization and blinding on study results
Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript  Optional Resources Groopman, J
(2006, December 18) Medical dispatch The right to a trial: Should dying patients have access to experimental drugs? New Yorker, 82(42), 40-47
Dorak, M
T
(2006)
Epidemiologic study designs [PowerPoint presentation]
Retrieved from http://www
dorak
info/epi/design
ppt   Alexander, L
, Lopes, B
, Ricchetti-Masterson, K
, & Yeatts, K
B
(2018)
Randomized controlled trials
ERIC Notebook Periodical Second Edition No
10
Retrieved from https://nciph
sph
unc
edu/tws/HEP_ERIC10/certificate
php    Discussion 1: Epidemiology in the News: Randomized Trials According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), asthma is a leading chronic illness in children ages 5 to 17, a leading cause of school absenteeism, and the third highest cause of hospitalizations in children younger than 15 (2011)
The costs associated with treating this chronic illness are high
A number of randomized control trials have examined the effect of instituting a home management program for treating asthma in combination with pharmaceuticals
These studies found that, by implementing a structured home management program, the morbidity, severity, and frequency of asthmatic episodes were reduced (Agrawl, Singh, Mathew, & Malhi, 2005)
Recent research is also exploring how and when to cut back on levels of medication as asthma episodes become controlled, further reducing the cost of this chronic illness; however, controversy remains over the long-term effects of reducing levels of medication due to the disparateness of asthma (Rogers & Reiberman, 2012)
For this Discussion, you are asked to identify an example of an experimental study design in the popular literature and consider the ethical implications of the randomized control trial design
To prepare: · Search the Internet and credible websites to locate a news piece or article that features a randomized trial study design
The article should be from a widely distributed news source, accessible to and written for a lay audience
Possible sources include, but are not limited to, online magazines, online newspapers, and health news websites
Be sure to include a link to the article in your posting
You may not select an article already posted by one of your colleagues for this Discussion
· Critically analyze the following aspects of the research study: o Purpose o Study population o Length of the trial o Data collection methods o Outcome measures o Results and conclusions o Ethical issues associated with the study · Ask yourself: How did this research study benefit from its randomized design? What was discovered by randomization that might not otherwise have been demonstrated? By Day 3 Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following: · Summarize the research study addressing the aspects bulleted above
In your posting, provide a link to the article you selected
· Identify and discuss the ethical issues associated with this study
Write 2 pages in APA and cite at least 5 sources of the given sources