Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing Homework Help   Week 6: Epidemiological Applications, Part 2 And Data Interpretation Can A

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework help   Week 6: Epidemiological Applications, Part 2 and Data Interpretation Can a persons experience with racial discrimination impact aging and his or her physical health? The answer may be yes, according to a preliminary epidemiologic research study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute of Health (Szanton et al
, 2011; NIH, 2011)
The NIA looks at factors such as race and socioeconomic status in relation to health disparities and outcomes
The Szanton et al
study identified a sample population of African Americans living in the Baltimore area who reported experiencing racial discrimination in their lifetime
This sample population showed higher levels of red blood cell oxidative stress, a potential risk factor in cardiovascular and other age-related diseases
Although this study presents only preliminary findings, it is interesting to consider the role that stress and other psychosocial factors play in the overall health of individuals and populations
This week, you will examine psychosocial factors that influence health and disease
By understanding the role of these factors in health, along with environmental and genetic factors, you will have additional tools to improve health outcomes for individuals and populations
Finally, in order to develop evidence-based interventions, DNP-prepared nurses need to be able to critically appraise the research literature, including the conclusions drawn from the data analysis
To practice this skill, you will appraise two articles and consider potential sources of confounding and bias
Learning Objectives Students will: · Evaluate the influence of psychosocial factors in health and disease · Critically appraise epidemiologic literature · Analyze the potential influence of confounding variables in a research study · Analyze potential sources of bias in epidemiologic research    Learning Resources Required Readings Friis, R
H
, & Sellers, T
A
(2021)
Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed
)
Jones & Bartlett
Chapter 10,Data Interpretation      Issues In Chapter 10, the authors describe issues related to data interpretation and address the main types of research errors that need to be considered when conducting epidemiologic research, as well as when analyzing published results
It also presents techniques for reducing bias
  Chapter 15,Social,      Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology Chapter 15 features psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology
  Elliott, A
M
, Smith, B
H
, Penny, K
, Smith, W
C
, & Chambers, W
A
(1999)
The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community
The Lancet, 354(9186), 1248-1252
This article describes an early epidemiologic study on chronic pain
Carefully review this article noting the structure of the research design, assessment and data collection, and analysis strategies
You will refer to this article for Discussion 2
Oppenheimer, G
M
(2010)
Framingham Heart Study: The first 20 years
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 53(1), 55-61
The Framingham Heart Study is a landmark epidemiologic study that began in the 1940s
The author of this article reviews the history of the Framingham Heart Study and its contribution to population health
As you read this article, consider any sources of bias or potential conflict of interest
You will refer to this article for Discussion 2
Phillips, C
V
, & Goodman, K
J
(2004)
The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill
Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations, 1(3)
Retrieved from http://www
biomedcentral
com/1742-5573/1/3   In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill worked on a paper that has become a standard in public health and epidemiologic study about how to make decisions based on epidemiologic evidence
Hill put forth strategies for inferring causation and stressed the need for considering costs and benefits when planning health-promoting interventions
Review this article, which examines how Hills strategies are often misused or misinterpreted
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(2011)
CDC health disparities and inequalities report United States, 2011
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Supplement, (60), 1-114
Retrieved from http://www
cdc
gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001
pdf
[Read pages 11-32]   This report consolidates national data on disparities in mortality, morbidity, behavioral risk factors, health care access, preventive health services, and social determinants of critical health problems in the United States by using selected indicators
The required section of reading introduces the social determinants of health and environmental hazards
World Health Organization
(2011)
Social determinants of health
Retrieved from http://www
who
int/social_determinants/en/   According to the World Health Organization,The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries
This article presents an introduction to social determinants of health
  World Health Organization
(2011)
Social determinants of health: Key concepts
Retrieved from http://www
who
int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/key_concepts/en/index
html   This article outlines key concepts related to the social determinants of health
  Healthy People 2020
(2011)
Social determinants of health
Retrieved from http://healthypeople
gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview
aspx?topicid=39   This website presents an overview of the social determinants of health and addresses how the information relates to Healthy People 2020
UCL Institute of Health Equity
(2018)
˜Fair society healthy lives (The Marmot Review)
Retrieved from http://www
instituteofhealthequity
org/resources-reports/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review Optional Resources Genaidy, A
M
, Lemasters, G
K
, Lockey, J
, Succop, P
, Deddens, J
, Sobeih, & Dunning, K
(2007)
An epidemiological appraisal instrumental“ a tool for evaluation of epidemiological studies
Ergonomics, 50(6), 920-960
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(2011)
Social determinants of health
Retrieved from http://www
cdc
gov/socialdeterminants/    Discussion 1: Psychosocial Factors in Health Although the United States spends more money per capita on health care delivery, statistics indicate it is not a particularly healthy country
Over 50% of all preventable deaths in the United States are a result of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (AACN, 2006)
As epidemiologists explore essential questions such as how stressful life events and behavioral choices may influence an individuals health, society wrestles with the distinction of what is actually within the control of an individual, and therefore relates to a personal responsibility for promoting well being, versus how larger-scale efforts can modulate psychosocial risk factors that result in population health problems
In this Discussion, you will consider the connection between psychosocial risk factors and health outcomes
As you review the research literature, consider how you have come across this issue in your professional practice
As a nurse leader, what opportunities do you have to apply the information presented this week to promote improvements in population health status? To prepare: · Review the Learning Resources, focusing on the influence of psychosocial factors on health and disease
· Locate at least two examples from the research literature of how these factors influence health
If necessary, conduct additional research using the Walden Library and credible websites
· Examine strategies currently being employed to address these factors, including health promotion and disease prevention efforts
· Ask yourself: How are these strategies designed to improve population health status? By Day 3 Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following: · Provide a brief summary of each example, including the influence of psychosocial factors on health and disease as discussed in the research literature
Cite your sources
· What strategies are currently being used to address these factors? Support your response with examples from the literature
· Knowing that there are psychosocial factors that influence acute and chronic diseases, what is the role of the nurse in probing for that information or in larger initiatives? 2 pages in APA and cite at least 3 sources of the given sources